Late morning. This is Carol’s day to go to
lunch with her retired teacher friends. Earlier you had your fasting blood
test. You still have the GMG Stats and StoryMill to do. First though, I want to
clarify a point in yesterday’s posting. I, Amorella, am here because you are paying
for an “accidental exposure to Transitional(s) hitherto unknown to you”. This
exposure is similar to the ‘accidental exposure’ (at an early age) to your
father’s hidden U.S. Army distributed photographs of dead and liberated inmates
at the German Concentration Camps in 1945. I am your manifestation of the
Transitional. It is that I am one-dimensional in the same way you see yourself
as three-dimensional in a fourth dimensional setting (time and space). The
books and blogs are manifestations of you, your heartansoulanmind, but I,
Amorella, exist in the notes and books also. Take away you and I am what is
left. This is a fact of your life. The fact is a conditional because it effects
your thinking/writing grammar, vocabulary and finger behavior. - Amorella
When
one accidently steps on a beehive sheorhe may be stung but in the process the
discovery another substance may be an extract, beeswax and honey for example.
From my perspective the blog and Merlyn books are beeswax. – You understand me
here. No more on it for now. – Amorella
You
found an article relating to early humankind at BBC.com. You see that your
species may be much older than you had imagined. You are concerned that it
doesn’t fit with what is suggested of higher consciousness and DNA in the blog
and books. It makes no difference as far as the books are concerned. The books
are not about science; they are about humanity and its setting in a fictional
form. Add the article then post. - Amorella
**
**
4 December 2013 Last updated at 13:32 ET
Leg bone gives up oldest human DNA
By Paul Rincon
Science editor,
BBC News website
The discovery of DNA in a
400,000-year-old human thigh bone will open up a new frontier in the study of
our ancestors.
That's the verdict cast by
human evolution experts on an analysis in Nature journal of the oldest human
genetic material ever sequenced.
The femur comes from the famed
"Pit of Bones" site in Spain, which gave up the remains of at least
28 ancient people.
But the results are perplexing,
raising more questions than answers about our increasingly complex family tree.
The early human remains from
the cave site near the northern Spanish city of Burgos have been painstakingly
excavated and pieced together over the course of more than two decades. It has
yielded one of the richest assemblages of human bones from this stage of human
evolution, in a time called the Middle Pleistocene.
To access the pit (called Sima
de los Huesos in Spanish) scientists must crawl for hundreds of metres through
narrow cave tunnels and rope down through the dark. The bodies were probably
deposited there deliberately - their causes of death unknown.
The fossils carry many traits
typical of Neanderthals, and either belong to an ancestral species known as Homo
heidelbergensis - or, as the British palaeoanthropologist Chris Stringer
suggests - are early representatives of the Neanderthal lineage.
DNA's tendency to break down
over time means it has not previously been possible to study the genetics of
such ancient members of the human family.
But the recent pace of progress
in sequencing technology has astonished many scientists: "Years ago,
geneticists said they wouldn't be able to find DNA that was older than 60,000
years old," said co-author Jose Bermudez de Castro, from the National
Research Centre for Human Evolution (CENIEH), a member of the team that excavated
the fossils.
"Of course, that wasn't true.
The techniques have advanced hugely."
Researchers at the Max Planck
Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, under the
supervision of Prof Svante Paabo, have been helping drive those advances. The
success reported in Nature was the result of applying techniques developed for
sequencing the degraded DNA found in Neanderthal fossils to even older
specimens.
Prof Paabo, the institute's
director, said: "Our results show that we can now study DNA from human ancestors
that are hundreds of thousands of years old," adding: "It is
tremendously exciting."
The scientists were able to
stitch together a near-complete sequence of mitochondrial DNA, or mtDNA (the
genetic material contained in the tiny "batteries" that power our
cells) from the ancient femur. But comparisons of the genetic code with that
from other humans, ancient and modern, yielded a surprise.
Rather than showing a
relationship between the Spanish specimens and Neanderthals, which might be
expected based on their physical features, the mitochondrial DNA was most
similar to that found in 40,000 year-old material unearthed thousands of
kilometres away at Denisova Cave in Siberia.
The Denisovans were a sister
group to the Neanderthals, with distinct genetic characteristics. Identified
only by DNA extracted from a tiny finger bone and tooth, they are, as some
researchers have remarked, "a genome in search of a fossil" because
there are no substantial remains representative of this group.
By using missing mutations in the old
DNA sequences, the researchers calculated that the Pit of Bones individual
shared a common ancestor with the Denisovans about 700,000 years ago.
So there are several
possibilities as to how Denisovan-like DNA could turn up in Middle Pleistocene
Spain. Firstly, the mitochondrial DNA type from the pit came from a population
ancestral to both the Spanish hominids and to Denisovans.
Secondly, interbreeding between
the Pit of Bones people (or their ancestors) and yet another early human
species brought the Denisovan-like DNA into this western population. Prof
Bermudez de Castro thinks there may be a candidate for this cryptic ancestor:
an earlier human species known as Homo antecessor. One million years
ago, antecessor inhabited the site of Gran Dolina, just a few hundred
metres away from the Pit of Bones.
Prof Chris Stringer, from
London's Natural History Museum, told BBC News: "We need all the data we
can get to build the whole story of human evolution. We can't just build it
from stone tools, we can't just build it from the fossils. Having the DNA gives
us a whole new way of looking at it."
However, he points out, mtDNA
is a small and unusual component of our genetic blueprint, from which only
limited conclusions can be drawn. For example, no sign of the interbreeding we
now know took place between Neanderthals and modern humans remains in the mtDNA
of modern people.
To get the full picture,
scientists had to sequence nuclear DNA (that kept in the nuclei of cells) from
Neanderthals and compare it with that in present-day populations. Likewise, the
true relationships between the Pit people and other ancient populations may
only be known if and when nuclear DNA is available.
This will be a challenge given
the age of the Spanish fossils, but their good state of preservation - largely
a product of the fairly constant temperature inside the cave - gives hope.
"That is our next big
thing here, to sequence at least part of the nuclear genome from the individual
in the Sima de los Huesos," Svante Paabo told BBC News.
"This will answer definitively
the question of how they are related to Neanderthals, modern humans and
Denisovans."
From – bbc.co.uk. news, science,
environment
**
**
1156
hours. I can understand beeswax.
beeswax - noun
1 the
wax secreted by bees to make honeycombs and used to make wood polishes and
candles: turning pollen into beeswax.
2 informal
a person's concern or business: that's none
of your beeswax.
From – Oxford-American
Dictionary Software
** **
You have a tendency to be too literal, boy,
but I see added dark humor in your definition, particularly if you add its
historical uses from Wikipedia. – Amorella
**
**
Beeswax
Historical
uses
The oldest survived
beeswax candles north of the Alps, from the Alamannic graveyard of Oberflact,
Germany dating to 6th/7th century A.D.
Beeswax was the among the first plastics
to be used, alongside other natural polymers such as gutta-percha, horn,
tortoiseshell and shellac. For thousands of years beeswax has had a wide
variety of applications, it has been found in the tombs of Egypt, in wrecked
Viking ships and in Roman ruins. Beeswax never goes bad and can be heated and
reused.
•
Used in manufacture of
cosmetics.
•
As a modelling material in
the lost-wax casting process, or cire perdue.
•
For wax tablets used for a
variety of writing purposes.
•
In Encaustic paintings such
as the Fayum mummy portraits.
•
Used in bow making (see
English longbow).
•
Used to strengthen and
preserve sewing thread.
•
As a component of sealing wax
•
To form the mouthpieces of a
didgeridoo, and the frets on the Philippine kutiyapi - a type of boat lute.
•
As a sealant or lubricant for
bullets in cap and ball and firearms
•
To stabilize the military
explosive Torpex - before being replaced by a petroleum-based product.
•
In producing Javanese batik.
An ancient form of dental tooth filling.
From – Wikipedia
** **
Now post. –
Amorella
The highest word counts in Chapter Five according to
StoryMill are: or 17; Merlyn 15; have 14; dead 14; soul 13; here 12; than 12;
Richard 12; ship 11; am 10; Yermey 10; light 10; thought 10; Robert 9; has 9;
good 9; human 9; all 9; cemetery 8; first – 8; one 8; matter 8; great 8; mind
8; Ezekiel 7; place 7; Khrap 7; into 7; what 7; now 7; so 7; full 7; down 7;
know 6; still 6; once 6; goddess 6; who 6; earth 6;two 6; see 6; up 6; like 6;
more 6; do 6; Ka 6; through 6; being 6.
After the national news. You were impressed with
the way the death of Nelson Mandela was presented on NBC News. However, you
turned the news off a couple of minutes ago not wanting to see any more. –
Amorella
1905
hours. He was a great man and public leader; truly the modern George Washington
of his country. He was concerned about the children getting enough food for
breakfast, a very practical man, a compromiser and a forgiver. I remember the
photos of his jail cell taken by Kim when she was in South Africa while working
with international students at Ohio State. I am glad she was able to see the
man from a closer perspective and hope she bring up her boys to have her
similar ideals as Mandela. I had no reason to see more of the media coverage,
the first thirty minutes of news was enough for me. I remember one of the
points on the show was that in South Africa they think of those dying and dead
as being transitional or having been transitioned into another state of being.
At the time and in context I thought of transitional and transcendental as very
similar contextual words. I like the concept in a very personal way. Nelson
Mandela was a great man and like many other great leaders in the world I am
happy to be here and to have shared the same air for a period of time. I feel
that we who share the air of the planet at the same time have a physical
connection even if we do not and did not know one another personally. Alive, we
are cousins who share the world together in various segments of time and space.
I have no other thoughts on the subject presently. (1921)
I
stated an observation. I did not ask for your thoughts, boy. Post. – Amorella
The
words rose in a singular reflection. I am not going to apologize for them. You
stopped with a period and I began with a number without the slant.
2229
hours. The highest word counts in Chapter Six according to StoryMill are: Pyl 16; like 16; Bracc 14; gray 14;
have 13; dead 12; Robert 12; into 12; what 12; story 12; one 11; would 11;
Richard 10; plane 10; then 10; glanced 8; see 8; thought 8; black 8; before 8;
up 8; left 7; who 7; heard 7; why 7; or 7; friends 7; all 7; down 7; Merlyn 7;
Blake 7; living 7; right 6; Justin 6; continued 6; too 6; now 6; out 6; walked
6; chamber 6 while 6; quickly 6; Friendly 6; above 6; both 6; looked 5; will 5;
love 5; marble 5; where 5; alone 5; each 5; time 5; some 5; which 5; side 5;
when 5; eyes 5; light 5.
Note the word counts five and six. –
Amorella
I
use too many of the same words. I am not sure how I am going to deal with this.
