Late mid-morning. You completed breakfast and most of the Sunday paper. Thunder woke you up several times during the night, as well as the cat, who then needed some attention. Carol was up by seven and you by nine.
Late, mid-afternoon. You finished an early supper at Chipotle/Panera, and while Carol was shopping at Hallmark you used City Barbeque wireless and discovered a note from Doug [retired PhD. nuclear physics] on quantum mechanics. Here is his note:
Dick,
Hocking said the answer to this pardox are multiple universes which have no black holes since they are the real universes. Our universe is full of black holes which would imply that our universe is not a real universe.
[. . . wikipedia . . . ]
So are we just an illusion?
Doug
And, this is a selection of Wikipedia article in question:
The black hole information paradox results from the combination of quantum mechanics and general relativity. It suggests that physical information could disappear in a black hole, allowing many physical states to evolve into the same state. This is a contentious subject since it violates a commonly assumed tenet of science—that in principle complete information about a physical system at one point in time should determine its state at any other time. A postulate of quantum mechanics is that complete information about a system is encoded in its wave function, an abstract concept not present in classical physics. The evolution of the wave function is determined by a unitary operator, and unitarity implies that information is conserved in the quantum sense.
There are two main principles at work: quantum determinism, and reversibility. Quantum determinism means that given a present wave function, its future changes are uniquely determined by the evolution operator. Reversibility refers to the fact that the evolution operator has an inverse, meaning that the past wave functions are similarly unique. With quantum determinism, reversibility, and a conserved Liouville measure, the von Neumann entropy ought to be conserved, if coarse graining sis ignored.
Steven Hawking presented rigorous theoretical arguments based on general relativity and thermodynamics which threatened to undermine these ideas about information conservation in the quantum realm. Several proposals have been put forth to resolve this paradox. . . .
. . . , if there is an entangled pure state, and one part of the entangled system is thrown into the black hole while keeping the other part outside, the result is a mixed state after the partial trace is taken over the interior of the black hole. But since everything within the interior of the black hole will hit the singularity within a finite time, the part which is traced over partially might disappear completely from the physical system. . . .
In November 2010, Penrose and V. G. Gurzadyan announced they had found evidence of such circular patterns, in data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) corroborated by data from the BOOMERanG experiment. The significance of the findings was subsequently debated by others.
***
Main approaches to the solution of the paradox
Information is irretrievably lost:
• Advantage: Seems to be a direct consequence of relatively non-controversial calculation based on semiclassical gravity.
• Disadvantage: Violates unitarity, as well as energy conservation or causality.
•
Information gradually leaks out during the black-hole evaporation:
▪ Advantage: Intuitively appealing because it qualitatively resembles information recovery in a classical process of burning.
▪ Disadvantage: Requires a large deviation from classical and semiclassical gravity (which do not allow information to leak out from the black hole) even for macroscopic black holes for which classical and semiclassical approximations are expected to be good approximations.
▪
Information suddenly escapes out during the final stage of black-hole evaporation:
▪ Advantage: A significant deviation from classical and semiclassical gravity is needed only in the regime in which the effects of quantum gravity are expected to dominate.
▪
▪ Disadvantage: Just before the sudden escape of information, a very small black hole must be able to store an arbitrary amount of information, which violates Bekenstein bound.
▪
Information is stored in a Planck-sized remnant:
▪ Advantage: No mechanism for information escape is needed.
▪ Disadvantage: A very small object must be able to store an arbitrary amount of information, which violates the Bekenstein bound.
▪
Information is stored in a massive remnant:
▪ Advantage: No mechanism for information escape is needed and a large amount of information does not need to be stored in a small object.
▪ Disadvantage: No appealing mechanism that could stop Hawking evaporation of a macroscopic black hole is known.
▪
Information is stored in a baby universe that separates from our own universe:
▪ Advantage: No violation of known general principles of physics is needed.
▪ Disadvantage: It is difficult to find an appealing concrete theory that would predict such a scenario.
▪
Information is encoded in the correlations between future and past:
▪ Advantage: Semiclassical gravity is sufficient, i.e., the solution does not depend on details of (still not well understood) quantum gravity.
Disadvantage: Contradicts the intuitive view of nature as an entity that evolves with time.
** **
I have you including this because it works to our advantage in the fictions.
Information is stored in a baby universe that separates from our own universe:
▪ Advantage: No violation of known general principles of physics is needed.
▪ Disadvantage: It is difficult to find an appealing concrete theory that would predict such a scenario.
Although the books are not about information lost or not in terms of black hole scenarios as thoughts are going to be thought of as quantum waves and entanglements can and do occur this leaves room for the Dead, so to speak, in a baby universe (or setting) all its own with the main setting actually being the River Styx or whatever the Dead want to call the River – the mind sees a broad band of water, the heart and soul accept this, the soul more out of a sense of polite grace to th
e heart. Post. – Amorella.
e heart. Post. – Amorella.
I have not responded to Doug's question as to whether I think our universe is an illusion or not. I have to define 'illusion' first.
It is twenty-forty-seven hours and about twenty minutes ago Doug sent you another note:
Dick,
I was just watching “Through the Worm Hole.” They claim that conscience is the entanglement of quantum knowledge.
John and Nancy
** **
I find this amazing and will have to check the source. [The title of the episode in the science series is: "The Riddle of the Wormhole"] I came up with my own hypothesis but it is good to find I am not alone in my thoughts. The concepts are documented in the blog, certainly it is stimulating for you to say you came up with the concept through your own research and thoughts, and those of Dr. Goss. That’s what the blog shows. – Amorella. The point is that the concept can continue to be useful in the fictions. That’s what’s important here. More uses may be found for it along the way. It is exciting to be in an imaginative curve not your own.
Post. – Amorella.
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