10 December 2013

Notes - human connections / (final) Grandma's Story 7

         Mid-afternoon. Your visit with Dr. B. the endocrinologist went well. She said she is studying her American history and you told her that you had Far Eastern, European, English and American history but never the complete history of India (as such) and that you would work on it. – Amorella
         I have had bits and pieces but what I need is an overview as a reminder. I have always considered India to be the Mother of Culture, that is, the most ancient known of world cultures.
         1559 hours. I am ready to work on Grandma 7 while Carol is working on Christmas cards.
         You had a good lunch at Longhorn and Jen, your usual server, gave you a Christmas card just like last year. – Amorella
         We enjoy going to Longhorn for both the food and service. It has been a while (before Florida) and I hope we make it back before Christmas. Yesterday I downloaded an essay by Nicholas Christakis on ‘The Science of Social Connections’ [via Edge #406 – HeadCon ’13-Part V)which looks interesting but I have not read it completely through yet.
         First, why don’t you read this. We will have a reference to work with in terms of the importance of social connection relative to being Dead. After all no mirrors, the only way to ‘exist’ any way normal to the Living is through social interaction. I will bold content to place in these notes. - Amorella
         1610 hours. Sounds good to me.
** **
Selected from - Edge #406: Nicholas Christakis: The Science of Social Connections (HeadCon '13-Part V)

The Science of Social Connections
[NICHOLAS CHRISTAKIS:] The part of human nature that I'd like to talk about today is that part of our human nature that is relevant to our interactions with others. There's been a phenomenal amount of work taking place in the last ten years, certainly, and even in the last year or two that seeks to understand how we interact with each other and how we assemble ourselves into social networks.
If you think about it, humans are extremely unusual as a species in that we form long-term, non-reproductive unions to other members of our species; namely, we have friends. Why do we do this? Why do we have friends? It's not hard to construct an argument as to why we would have sex with other people, but it's rather more difficult to construct an argument as to why we would befriend other people. Yet we, and very few other species, do this thing. So I'd like to problematize that; I'd like to problematize friendship first.
Second, not only do we have friends but we prefer the company of people we resemble. There's an enormous literature on in-group bias and on why this might be the case. A lot of this literature, to my eye, takes the form of what I would regard to be a tautological explanation. Why do we prefer the company of people we resemble? Because we're more comfortable when we are with people we resemble. Why are we more comfortable when we're hanging out with people we resemble? Because they resemble us. And I'd actually like to try to find a deeper explanation for why we befriend other individuals; why we assemble ourselves into networks with what turn out to be very fundamental, reproducible topologies (structures); and why we prefer the company of people we resemble.
And, in fact, the ubiquity and necessity of social interactions carries with it a suite of other phenomena, like cooperation, which is very deeply and fundamentally important; sensing (the ability to see what's happening in others); communication; social learning; epidemics; violence – all of these phenomena arise not so much within individuals, but rather at the interstices between individuals. They're not so much nodal phenomena—having to do with the nodes on the networks—but edge phenomena—phenomena that have to do with the connections between the individuals. . . .

We're so interested in understanding human beings that we lose sight of the connections between them. And just like we can efface the individual, to some extent—and I don't have a strong argument that we should do this, but I have what I would regard to be a weak argument why it's beneficial or useful as a heuristic to do this—just like we can begin to efface individuals by thinking about the selfish genes within them, we can also begin to efface individuals by thinking about the connections outside them.
So, the question I'm asking myself lately is: What would a social science of connections, rather than a social science of individuals, look like? What would it mean to take connections as the focus of inquiry and to think about the individuals as the spaces between the connections who are not so important? And then we begin to think about all the dyadic interactions between individuals, which are themselves natural phenomena, just like we are. I'm an object of the natural world, but so are my connections between me and all the other people, so are those connections objects of the natural world which warrant an explanation and a kind of deep and profound—in my judgment—study. . . .
I was asked to highlight some papers—looking at whether you can use time to response as a kind of heuristic for understanding are people intuitive cooperators and rationally selfish, or do they exercise rational self-control over a kind of instinctive greed? The data they presented in that paper, to my eyes, was quite compelling—that we are intuitively wired to cooperate. . . .
We did an experiment in our lab where we recruited over 2,000 people online, and we brought them into these virtual worlds, and the subjects played a public goods game with people near them, a kind of cooperative game with those around them who they were randomly assigned. Then, we controlled in that world whether or not people could rewire their networks and the amount that they could rewire them, by which we meant not only can you, if you defect from me, can I reciprocate by defecting, or, if you cooperate, I can reciprocate by cooperating, but we gave me another tool, which is that I could cut the ties or form ties to people. So I could form ties to cooperators and cut ties to defectors. And then we manipulated the viscosity with which that could be done.
What we found was that actually we could control the amount of cooperation that emerged in this group of people by specifying the rules of interaction. If we allowed people to rewire their ties just the right amount, then cooperation in the group would appear above and beyond and independent of the individuals themselves and their own tendencies. So we can elicit from the group a property, namely, cooperation, by controlling the nature of interactions. . . .           
Another nice paper that was done by my colleague, James Fowler – and all of the work that I'm describing to you, virtually all of it, has been done jointly with James—is the following: James did a beautiful paper as well last year in Nature where they randomly assigned 61 million people online to a voting intervention and were able to show that actually showing people a very seemingly trivial stimulus drove, not only the individuals themselves to be more likely to vote, but their friends to be more likely to vote, and their friends' friends to be more likely to vote. So he showed a spread of civic-mindedness to two degrees of separation within this massive experiment done with 61 million people. In fact, it's estimated that an extra 300,000 people turned out to vote on that election because of James's experiment. Actually our democracy was improved because of the scientists actually doing their work in that particular occasion. . . .
This new work reflects four things: First, it’s experimental. Second, it's exploiting online and Internet technology. Third, there is (to my eye at least) an increasing desire to try to find things that are deep and fundamental about our humanity. The best social science now that is being done seeks to go to a deeper, more fundamental level to try to explain human behavior, at least when it comes to human interactions. And, fourth, this work is involving interventions.
From - Edge dot com
** **      
         You have left over Papa John pizza for supper and watched last night’s “Major Crimes,” and two older “Blue Bloods” shows after watching an earlier “Blue Bloods” so you are catching up on the series. We just completed the selection on human connections and our use here is out of context as the author is interested in interactions and connections of people in the real world not Merlyn’s World of the Dead. - Amorella
         2142 hours. The above is a better selection for our context than what I had earlier this afternoon. I’m going to read over Grandma 7 and see if I can fix it up tonight.
         Go to it, boy. I’ll be right there with you. – Amorella
         2208 hours. I am ready to call it a day.
         Drop in and post Grandma Seven. – Amorella
***
Grandma’s Story 7 ©2013, rho, for GMG.One

For you Living who have never witnessed a ghost firsthand I have one for you. This ghost’s size is that of a natural green pea. For those of you who may not have seen a similar ghost, make it an electrified pale green baby pea color. Grandma reached into her pocket hand first and pulled the small spirit-like orb out. It immediately floats off, and up from Grandma’s starless night black right palm. "Here," pronounced Grandma in a muffled thunder, "I’ll let the little apparition tell her story."

                                                    *
The Pea Ghost’s Existence 

Hello. I am the shadow of a shade of my former self. What is black to me is green to you. Grandma put me in her pocket because I was off over the Atlantic Ocean. I always wanted to see the Atlantic when I was alive but I never did. I lived on a beautiful island in the South Pacific my entire life. My sole contact with the outside world was the disease that killed me, and that was centuries ago. I had heard many stories about the greater off island in my lifetime. I appear as a small dot because the eye cannot see my flat self. I could crawl into someone earthy but I am comfortable. I like the Atlantic Ocean so I float above it in a dreamy trance.

I know I am not in the real world, but I am close to the Living being with Grandma. I’m close enough that you can read me. I think it is funny that I am as dot above the common i. The human eye is not built to see me as I am so it won’t. Real ghosts pass you by more often than you think. Some of us call it dead dreaming, a reverse out-of-body experience. To me it is an into-the-mind experience. You are conscious of me as a singular green pea in a Grandma Story. I am comfortable in shadow of Grandma’s hands.
*
Grandma smiled and gently returned the pea-sized spirit to her pocket as if she were a rustic farm woman dropping a baby gosling in her coat pocket for its security and protection. I put that spunky little spirit in my pocket in your year 2006 and now it is soon to be 2014. Grandma again reached in and felt the little one nestled down into the far corner of her pocket. She gently pinched and pulled the small round object out of her pocket with her forefinger and thumb. Grandma then put her up to her metaphorical eye for an inspection. You are a little larger, in these last measured Earth years. Eight years and you have grown from the humble sized green pea to that of a bluish green child’s marble. Grandma asked, "Are you still flying over your favorite ocean, the Atlantic?"
*
The small round blue-green ghost smiled, "No, Grandma. You can see that even as a wandering spirit between the Dead and the Living I have grown. I am one with the salty water of Earth. The Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean were just names, stories we humans conjured because geography was how one moved from one part of the world to another. Spiritually, the salty water is one, all sea creatures are aware of this from the beginning. I was born and died on an island as a small land creature and I stayed small because my body was my geography of reference. Not having a body relieves me of such an unneeded mental device. My heartansoulanmind are more in balance; perhaps when I am a little larger, the marble size of a Kong or a Biggie, I will have grown enough to be the size of the whole universe. That is my hope before I pass over completely.
*
Grandma smiled generously and laughed with the little spirit of humanity. "Perhaps you will my modest sized ghost of a spirit, but hear this, you'll always fit snuggly in the corner of my pocket. She places the little round one into her pocket once again. Looked to her reading audience Grandma says, "This little ghost understands, and I find a wonderfully illustrious humor in her plucky audacity.

A wind in a spirit or a spirit in the wind,
Shimmering electric green, black or boney white,
The mind’s dark night stands alone and chagrinned,
In the nature of trancephysics in a spiritual light.

***

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