You
enjoyed last evening at the private Boat Club in Miamiville thanks to Denise
Williams inviting teachers along with student alumni from the early to
mid-seventies in the first place. No need to list them here they are in
your1973 Indian Hill yearbook. Some were friends before they moved on as you
eventually did in 1984-1985. Martha Selzer, Jim Powers and yourself were the
former teachers in attendance. There was good attendance but you and Powers
left at dusk and five other alumni were arriving at the time – the hours were
seven to eleven. Cincinnati styled conies, ice cream and cookies as well as
beer and many kinds soft drinks were served. The band, mostly made up of alumni
was also great, wonderful, as a matter of fact as you sat within ten feet of
the Little Miami, which was moving fast due to the steady rainfall. Denise was
in charge and you are proud of her for that. She said not to duck out early;
however you did anyway. The alumni were having a good time and Marti Selzer was
chatting with others as she had arrived later. You are sorry you could not have
talked more with her. You were glad you had a nice private chat with Denise. –
Amorella
Denise and me
(photo by Greg Johnson)
0947 hours. Thank you for the summary Amorella. I did not know how to
put it – much better than I could have done. Now, to do what? I can work on
chapter three of book two or begin one last ‘uber-tweaking’ from the first
chapter to last before sending the book to the publisher.
You
and Carol have been cleaning and dusting the downstairs – most of the dust
caused by having the windows open – now they are shut as humidity and
temperature are both rising this week – typical summer in Cincinnati begins its
return.
1045
hours. You can go down to the river in the summer and the weather appears even
smells semi-tropical because of the river basin.
You
and Carol had an excellent lunch at Longhorn’s being well served by Jen, your
favorite. Presently you are waiting for Carol at Kroger’s on Mason-Montgomery
after an also excellent Graeter’s ice cream/gelato. Your inner concern is
stronger for a quick re-tweaking of book one from chapter one through
twenty-five. Errors will no doubt exist, boy, so make this scan the final. –
Amorella
1627 hours. I can’t decide but I agree with you the anxiety is on the
draft though it will be good to be writing fresh once again on book two.
1711 hours. Now we are at Kroger’s on
Tylersville picking up what was not at the other Kroger’s. Both stores are busy
with double points for cheaper fuel at the Kroger and Shell stations. Carol
says we will have 400 point built up by the end of the month – that’s forty
cents off a gallon. Not bad, particularly when you drive in on a near empty
tank (which is the plan). Time to work on chapter one.
2200 hours. Doug sent me this article tonight. What it shows to me is that we do not really know so much about reality as we sometime think or assume we do. It shows me that in some such contextual ways we are surrounded by a reality that is not provable, and perhaps never can be as far as the human mind is concerned. Just the thought of this is quite humbling to me. Thanks, Doug, for sharing.
** **
Black Holes May Explode Into
'White Holes' And Pour All Their Matter Into Space, Physicists Say
By Ron Cowen
Posted: 07/18/2014 8:28 am EDT Updated: 07/18/2014
8:59 am EDT
Black holes might end their
lives by transforming into their exact opposite — 'white holes' that
explosively pour all the material they ever swallowed into space, say two
physicists. The suggestion, based on a speculative quantum theory of gravity,
could solve a long-standing conundrum about whether black holes destroy
information.
The theory suggests that the
transition from black hole to white hole would take place right after the
initial formation of the black hole, but because gravity dilates time, outside
observers would see the black hole lasting billions or trillions of years or
more, depending on its size. If the authors are correct, tiny black holes that
formed during the very early history of the Universe would now be ready to pop
off like firecrackers and might be detected as high-energy cosmic rays or other
radiation. In fact, they say, their work could imply that some of the dramatic
flares commonly considered to be supernova explosions could in fact be the
dying throes of tiny black holes that formed shortly after the Big Bang.
Albert Einstein’s general
theory of relativity predicts that when a dying star collapses under its own
weight, it can reach a stage at which the collapse is irreversible and no known
force of nature can stop it. This is the formation of a black hole: a spherical
surface, known as the event horizon, appears, shrouding the star inside from
outside observers while it continues to collapse, because nothing — not even
light or any other sort of information — can escape the event horizon.
Because dense matter curves space,
‘classical’ general relativity predicts that the star inside will continue to
shrink into what is known as a singularity, a region where matter is infinitely
dense and space is infinitely curved. In such situations, the known laws of
physics cease to be useful.
Many physicists, however,
believe that at some stage in this process, quantum-gravity effects should take
over, arresting the collapse and avoiding the infinities.
In a loop
One of the leading approaches to
merging quantum theory and gravity, pioneered by, among others, theoretical
physicist Carlo Rovelli of Aix-Marseille University in France, posits that it
is not just gravity but space-time itself that is quantized, woven from tiny,
individual loops that cannot be subdivided any further. The loops in this ‘loop
quantum gravity’ — a theoretical attempt that has yet to find experimental
support — would be so tiny that to any observer space-time looks smooth and
continuous. In the new work, Rovelli and his Aix-Marseille colleague Hal
Haggard have calculated that the loop structure would hault the collapse of a
black hole.
The collapsing star would
reach a stage at which its inside can shrink no further, because the loops
cannot be compressed into anything smaller, and in fact they would exert an
outward pressure that theorists call a quantum bounce, transforming a black
hole into a white hole. Rather than being shrouded by a true, eternal event
horizon, the event would be concealed by a temporary 'apparent horizon', says
Rovelli. (Theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking of the University of Cambridge,
UK, has recently suggested that true event horizons would be incompatible with
quantum physics.)
Other loop-quantum theorists
have made similar calculations for cases in which it is not just a star that is
collapsing but an entire universe. They found that the universe could bounce
back, and suggested that our own Universe’s Big Bang could in fact have been
such a ‘big bounce’. Rovelli and Haggard have now shown that the quantum bounce
does not require an entire universe to collapse at once. “We think this is a
possible picture,” says Rovelli. “We have found that the [transformation]
process can be completely contained in a limited region of space-time.
Everything outside behaves following the classical Einstein equations.”
Information paradox
If black holes turn into
white holes and release all of their innards out again, it could provide a
solution to one of the most troublesome questions of fundamental physics.
Hawking calculated in the 1970s that a black hole should emit radiation out of
its event horizon, slowly losing energy and shrinking in the process until it
completely disappears. This 'Hawking radiation' means that information carried
by the matter that fell into the black hole would then seem to vanish forever.
This would violate one of the fundamental principles of quantum theory,
according to which information cannot be destroyed.
If the new work sheds any
light on this black-hole information paradox, “it would be important”, says
theoretical physicist Steven Giddings of the University of California, Santa
Barbara. “Understanding how information escapes from a black hole is the key
question for the quantum mechanics of black holes, and possibly for quantum
gravity itself.”
The authors acknowledge that
some of the conclusions in their paper have yet to be fleshed out with detailed
calculations. Other physicists, including Joseph Polchinski of the University
of California, Santa Barbara, also worry that the scenario involves quantum
effects that are unrealistically large.
Theoretical physicist Donald
Marolf of the University of California, Santa Barbara, cautions that the
quantum bounce could violate one of the most fundamental principles of physics:
that entropy, a measure of the amount of disorder in a system, can increase but
can never decrease. He says that the outgoing material from the white hole,
initially packed into a small region, would seem to have a smaller entropy than
the black hole itself. Rovelli and Haggard maintain that in their scenario
entropy would not decrease.
Nonetheless, the work puts
the idea of a quantum bounce on a surer footing, says Abhay Ashtekar of
Pennsylvania State University in University Park, another one of the founders
of loop quantum gravity. But he says that he would like to see more detailed
calculations before he is convinced.
All in the timing
Rovelli notes that he and
Haggard must calculate more carefully how much time it takes for the black hole
to transform into a white hole. Their current, rough estimate — a few
thousandths of a second — is crucial to pin down, because the intense
gravitational field of a black hole stretches light waves and dilates time, so
that an outside observer would see the transformation occur over a much longer
time.
If the time, as seen by an
outside observer, were too short, then all the black holes that ever formed
ought to have exploded and vanished, contradicting astrophysical observations.
On the other hand, if the observed time were too long, the transformation to
white hole would be inconsequential because black holes would already have
fizzled out owing to Hawking radiation. The team calculates that for a black
hole the mass of the Sun, it would take about a thousand trillion times the
current age of the Universe to convert into a white hole.
In a recent paper, Giddings
proposes that information may escape black holes in a less explosive fashion,
made possible by the grainy quantum structure of space-time. This would cause
fluctuations in the geometry of the region just outside the black hole that
could be detectable by the future Event Horizon Telescope, a global network of radio
telescopes, when it studies the pattern of light surrounding Sagittarius A*,
the supermassive black hole at the center of our Galaxy.
This story originally appeared in
Nature News.
From - huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/18/ . . .
** **
2206
hours. Carol and I just spent two hours catching up on “Murder in the First”
episodes. The phrase “reasonable doubt” comes up several times in the courtroom
scenes. What is our human sense of our ‘holistic’ reality, our setting in which
we find ourselves existing? It seems odd to think that we may never know where
we are even if we do discover who we are both individually and as a species
living on a third planet from a sun somewhere in the Milky Way Galaxy.
** **
holistic
- adjective
chiefly Philosophy characterized
by comprehension of the parts of something as intimately interconnected and
explicable only by reference to the whole.
Selected from – Oxford/American
Software
** **
You
are wondering if you need help clarifying your point. Not being human in
context of blog and book, I do not consider your potential in the physical
world; I see you first as spiritual in the sense of your humanity, your human
spirit, the heartansoulanmind both individually and collectively. – Amorella
2218 hours. I don’t see that
we have a collective heartansoulanmind. Where is this in the books or blog?
No comments:
Post a Comment