27 August 2015

Notes - comic books / unorthodox / panspermia

         Time for the twice a year visit to Dr. E. your local dentist. Later today, Carol goes to physical therapy. Other than this nothing much is on the agenda. You are feeling better about yourself protecting Merlyn, a fictional character in your books. – Amorella

         0918 hours. Even in fiction a character has to have personal integrity and dignity. To have such dreams is the only way I know to show his fuller character. He is a lasting fictional character because people need to have a shaman as a hero just as they need a James Bond hero. The culture of a shaman is whole earth, whole universe, whole metaphysics. Dreams are where Merlyn belongs; you see the dreams to the north, south, east and west as well as Up and Down. Merlyn is invisible in the center. What would you expect of a ghost, a human spirit driven to rise up and to be heard even from the Beyond.

         Post. – Amorella

         0927 hours. This seems trite and comic book-like.

         At one time you loved comic books -- guess you still do. - Amorella


         You had lunch at Smashburgers before Carol’s physical therapy. You had Jadah had a nap, then when Carol arrived home you headed south to Graeter’s and after, north to home. Carol is trimming bushes along the ‘woods’ but wanted the deck umbrella up. You are sitting under the umbrella. She appears to be about a third through K. Reichs’ Bones to Ashes. Let’s move on to ‘The Brothers Ten’. - Amorella

         1625 hours. This sounds good to me. – This original has 2603 words. This will take some doing to whittle it down to 750. I have the next four lines of Beltane’s Eve poem marked.

** **
                                    Tonight come the birds dressed wild and black
                                    So keep close your Soul, they'll be wanting to hack
                                    And fly it to Mounds where years seem a day
                                    Across the far green where Fairy lands lay. – Brothers 10
** **

         1651 hours. Some of this I will not be able to construct until I have a draft of the whole chapter – certainly the appropriate words in the lines have to relate to something in each segment.

         Of course, boy, this is understood. – Amorella

         1653 hours. This shows how shallow I am in deep water. I had not thought about it until now. Talk about gallows humor.

         You didn’t need to think about this until now or even later. Gallows humor is stringing the line around a person’s neck then forgetting to drop the door out from under herorhim. – Amorella

         1657 hours. My thoughts entirely! I continually would not be surprised to have the door drop.

         See, now there is humor you could easily wade into. I like it, orndorff. Post. – Amorella

         1659 hours. You are so funny, Amorella.

         You see how far you have come? Decades ago, you would have been terrified to have seen these words “forgetting to drop the door out”. It was as an Angel’s Voice and your heartanmind would have sweat blood as you felt your very soul squeezed by the Hand of an angry G---D. – Amorella

         1703 hours. Such few words bring back the ‘dread’ of those times.

         This feeling of dread sat just underneath the surface of everyday reality for a period of about six months during the school year; your second year at Mason when you did not yet have tenure. Not having tenure was terror enough, but it was not a Holy Terror. I was there, boy. I know how your soulanheartanmind were. – Amorella

         1708 hours. I conquered my greatest fear, confronting an Angel of G---D face to face, so to speak. Real or not, I believed and felt it so. – rho

         No human being can know this spiritual ‘dread’ without the experience.

         1711 hours. I know what naked is. No question about it. That’s enough on the subject. The very thought makes me queasy and leans me towards a general malaise or physical illness. The only thing that kept me balance was my doubt. This is so unorthodox. Most, I think, would say it was their faith that carried them through such a dark personal spiritual valley. The odds were very great that this confrontation was not with an Angel of G---D or any less Angel for that matter. It may have been my deepest most sacred fear. I was still angry with G---D if G---D existed. Now, I am not angry with G---D either way, existing or not existing. I am learning to accept myself.

         I remember in those days thinking, ‘I am not good enough to face an Angel of G---D.’ The returning voice said, “You are arrogant.” It took me much time to realize that if an Angel of G---D wanted to say “Hello” to any human being it would be G---D’s decision to make not mine. This should have been ‘innately understood’ by me but it was not. Humility is not bowing down. We are not made to bow down. We are made to stand with dignity and respect to meet anyone our equal, even less or even greater, an Angel of G---D if need be. Stand, and hold one’s spiritual ground, and say, as Martin Luther once commented (no doubt in Latin), “Here I stand, I can do no other.” That’s how I see it. Now it is time for me to shut up. I have nothing else to say at this time. – rho

        Post. - Amorella

        Earlier this evening I found this on Quora. This is really interesting, plus it raises my curiosity on the subject.

** **
What were the greatest (both well and least understood) leaps in evolution?

Jason Coston, I/O bound.

Jason has 30+ answers in Evolutionary Biology.

I have like 10 favorites.

1) Panspermia (c. 8.5 to 4 billion years ago): This first one, like the last one on the list, represents the very edge of our data and speculation.  That said...

If we calculate how fast organisms diversify at a genetic level, and how fast their genomes lengthen, we can actually look at living creatures' genomes and get multiple estimates for how long ago their genes started evolving.  And the numbers from one research team converge on the figure: 9 billion years ago. Researchers use Moore’s Law to calculate that life began before Earth existed. Problem: Earth 4 billion years ago was a glob of lava too hot for genes to exist on it.  Solution: The earth was seeded by very basic bacteria FROM SPACE! :)  Sound crazy?  Why?  We find bacteria living deep in the earth's crust.  We find bacteria that can survive space.  We know from experiments that meteorite/asteroid impacts can throw chunks of rock into space in such a way that they contain still-alive colonies of bacteria, and that these rocks can then land in such a way that some bacteria are still alive when the dust settles on the receiving planet.  And we know from astrophysics that the universe has had the right materials (ample carbon, oxygen, etc.) and environments (rocky watery planets) to evolve life for about 9 billion years, after the 2nd and 3rd generations of stars started coming online.

And while technically it's not such an impressive achievement for bacteria to "figure out" how to survive a ride inside a rock, this development rates absolute TOPS in importance for life.  It was life's first crucial accomplishment.

Edit: Many readers are rightly skeptical about the evidence for panspermia, preferring that the jury stay out on this particular hypothesis.  So in honor of them, I add this news item discovered 30 April 2015: Life on Earth may have flourished a billion years earlier than thought. This item explains that according to rather incontrovertible geological chemical analysis, microbial life on earth was voraciously devouring atmospheric N2 the instant that life on earth became possible.  According to the study, older scientific assumptions that life took a billion years to develop complexity enough to break atmospheric N2 into usable nitrogen, are simply wrong, and somehow, the moment the earth cooled enough that cells wouldn't boil to death, those cells appeared fully formed and already complex enough to catalyze the breaking of the triple bond between nitrogen molecules that only life can make happen at scale and without which life cannot thrive.

2) RNA takes on DNA as a subcontractor (8.5 to 3 billion years ago): We now, in the last 15 years, have converging indications that life started as RNA.  RNA is not as good at data storage as DNA, because it branches and loops too easily to form a really long, self-organizing "tape" of data, and it is not as good at being machinery as proteins, because it can't form as many structures (sheets, tubes, tunnels, rotors) as proteins.  But it can do both: it can contain instructions for its own replication PLUS instructions for how to make proteins PLUS can be the machinery to do all that replication.

RNA: half data-tape, half machine:

DNA: mostly data tape:

Proteins: micro-machines:

So yes, at some point, RNA mutated one of its letters, and begat a little mutant helper that wasn't as good at being machinelike, but was way better at storing information.  So they evolved a partnership, and DNA grew and grew as the partnership spawned more and more innovations on RNA's original basic game of copying itself into new lipid bubbles.

NOTE: Another evidence for panspermia is that, while research indicates life started as RNA-based, no RNA-based cells exist on earth.  Their total extinction is profoundly unlikely.  Then how to account for their absence from earth?  Simple: They never made it to earth.  They begat DNA-based life elsewhere, and when life reached earth, it was as a species of DNA-based prokaryotes.

3) Chromosomes (2 billion years ago): After life got to earth, some of it figured out how to get DNA to store more: instead of having it work as a looped data tape, it would break into lots of non-looped tapes: chromosomes.  This in itself vastly increased the potential complexity of single-celled organisms, by increasing the hard drive.

4) Sex!  (1.2 billion years ago):  Some cells with chromosomes (eukaryotes) figured out that they could create a backup copy of their data (something like autopolyploidy).  Those doubled-chromosome critters then started diverging, while holding on to their habit of swapping data.  Pretty soon, they hit upon the idea of swapping whole "backup drives".  Now, each critter had two slightly differing "hard drives" or sets of chromosomes.  As long as they didn't differ too much, this worked out well, and gave life a way of safely testing out a lot more variations at a time.

5) Multicellular life! (700 million years ago): Some of these sexy critters hit upon the same idea that bees and ants would later re-discover: SLAVERY GETS SHIT DONE.  Some sex-capable cell split off and made a daughter cell that couldn't itself do the sex thing (swapping whole DNA copies).  This was easy, because those cells never forgot their old trick of just creating clones of themselves, as they did before sex.  But for a long time, this didn't make for anything interesting happening, because the clones were identical to the parent cell--they were just colonies of cells.  But then a daughter cell was born that could not sexually reproduce, nor clone herself, as her parent could.  If she wanted her genes to outlive her, she'd have to help her parent do that work.  And so two castes were born, the germ line that could do the sex thing, and the drone class.  Today, your eggs or sperm cells are the germ line, and the rest of you is a bunch of drone classes.  Remember when RNA took on a helper, DNA, to store data, and DNA became so much bigger than RNA that it looks like the dominant part of the partnership?  Germ lines and drone lines are like that. 

6) Nerves and muscles (700-500 million years ago): So now life has created these giant, organized colonies, with a bunch of cells defending germ cells at the center, helping them sniff out food, and then move toward it.  But move toward it HOW?  Individual cells had ways to get around, giant barges of cells not so much.  Enter a new caste of drone cell, the nerve, and its buddy, the muscle cell.  They figure out how to line up ion channels so that a message gets not just to one cell, but across a giant cable or series of cables.  Well done, gentlemen.  Now we're ready for...

7) Vision (and hearing) (500 million years ago):  The basic way cells know their environment is through touch.  But at a cell's scale, touch means knowing the shape of the molecules it's touching.  And that, is what we call taste/smell.  Taste and smell are the first senses, and we ostensibly share them with bacteria, if only in ways that lead to philosophical debate about the nature of consciousness.  But there are other data in the world aside from molecule topologies, like sound waves, and light waves.  Luckily, there are chemicals that react to light and sound.  Some cells have more of them.  Those cells started being helpful to nerve cells.  Nerve cells started preferring to connect to them, because they twitched when light or sound hit, giving advanced intel about where the creature should go to get food or avoid becoming food.  Light and sound travel farther, faster than smell.  If you detect light, you're going to outwit food that can only smell whether you're near. 

Soon, these light-sensitive cells clumped, for the same reason that telescope arrays clump--it improves signal clarity and sensitivity.  Then, they formed a pit, to help them determine the direction light came from.  Then the pit formed a transparent cover, to protect it.  Then, these protector cells formed a lens, to improve the incoming data.  Then an iris, to regulate brightness.  And muscles that could aim the whole apparatus with feedback from the brain.

8) Brains (500 million years ago):  While eyes and ears were developing, nerves were also clumping.  For the same reason that supercomputers are made of lots of computers.  This allowed for so many good things, it's really another list of 10 if I don't restrain myself. 

9) Warm-bloodedness (200 million years ago):  Cold-blooded creatures are dumber than warm-blooded ones, as a rule.  Why?  Because they don't have as much energy, and it takes extra energy to run a less-dumb brain.  Cold-blooded creatures can't afford to play as much, communicate as complexly, even move as much.  To get to my next item on this list, you need to be warm-blooded.

10) Imagination/reason (200-50 million years ago):  Even a cell can "learn."  But only in a very limited way--it can learn to react a certain way the next time the same stimulus appears.  That's just basic conditioning.  Useful, but not fantastic.  But with enough brain, you can combine things you've experienced, into categories, to make useful predictions about what else might happen to you in the future, other than exact repeats of what has happened before.  For warm-blooded creatures that hit upon a way of living that is calorie-rich enough (per unit creature), imagination and reason are excellent aids to continuing to find lots of calories. 

11) Writing (15000-5000 years ago).  For life to happen, it needs a replicator.  A replicator is a unit of information that can mutate, but not too often, and can otherwise be counted on to stay itself through thousands of copies (i.e. it's high-fidelity).  For 9 billion years, life had one class of replicators: nucleic acids (RNA and DNA, and now some new ones we've created in the lab to show it's possible).  But by 50 million years ago, life also had figured out ANOTHER way to use long data strands to assemble machinery useful to perpetuate those long data strands.  That way?  Language.  Individuals in a language population have an almost-universal way of agreeing on how a given signal codes to a given imagined stimulus.  If they string enough signals together, they can code for a complex imagined stimulus.  Get a complex-enough stimulus into the imagination, and it will be able to run simulations of possible realities that help the creature survive to speak again.  Instead of DNA, the data string is sound.  Instead of proteins, the machinery is a nonlinear complex of imagined percepts, that fold onto themselves dissolving the linearity of the data string that spawned them.  For example:  The fox jumps over the fence.  Read that sentence, picture it.  Now, in your mental picture, does the fox appear and then disappear, then the jumping, then the fence?  Of course not.  They all coexist.  A linear data string has folded into a nonlinear machine.  And that is fricking powerful stuff. 

But it's not a replicator.  Those strings of sounds are too low-fidelity.  They shift so rapidly between generations of creatures, they don't actually function as true replicators.  And so they don't have a very massive survival benefit.  Very few creatures/species have adopted long language strings--dolphins, parrots, primates, bees. 

But if you turn those sounds into a physical solid, you freeze their rate of mutation to something that outlasts the creatures carrying them.  Spoken language mutates so fast that we can barely understand Shakespeare, and he was speaking English only 500 years ago, only 25 human generations ago.  That's low-fidelity. 

But writing is high-fidelity.  It can therefore act as a replicator, and if it IS a replicator, we should see that it confers an explosive evolutionary advantage.  And that's what we see.  Writing has enabled human beings to become something that now is capable of evolving at a rate thousands or millions of times faster than any other genetic organisms, whether we're talking about genetic evolution, or cultural, or phenotypical.  We're even able to translate DNA/RNA codes into this new format, so that they can be copied at the speed of light, sent to the other side of the planet at the speed of light, and so on.  We're now feeding DNA/RNA via language into our imaginations/reason, so that we can sort among genetic life's infinite possibilities millions of times faster, and trillions of times more humanely, than does natural genetic selection. We might not even be able to recognize the bodily form we take just 100 years from now.  And it is hard to imagine a more mind-boggling evolutionary leap than that.

Selected and edited from – quoraDOTcom, 27 August 2015

** **
         2037 hours. The writer, Jason Coston, is full of passion about his response to the question: What were the greatest (both well and least understood) leaps in evolution? I like the writer for this, but what is more important to me presently is that he summarizes the way life is and how we fit in it from a natural perspective. I like his use of reason and imaginatively simple string of concepts leading from A to B.

         You also share your passions and reasoning in this blog. Post. - Amorella


         

No comments:

Post a Comment