04 December 2015

Notes - fictional paradox taken darkly /

         Mid-morning. Carol is over walking at the community center, you have been watching the pilot and the introduction to the first episode of the “X-Files”. Last night you finished the first season of “The Man in the High Castle” on Amazon Prime Video. This brought up Coleridge’s ‘willing suspension of disbelief’, which you first knowingly experienced in Ms. Harley’s Freshman English class in 1956 when you were assigned Coleridge’s poems “Rime of the Ancient Mariner” and “Kubla Khan”.

         Later, 1239 hours. I did my 40 minutes of exercises and had a warm soaker bath for arthritic pains and a refreshing, but before I did I those I looked up willing suspension of disbelief and found this article better in my focus.

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Paradox of fiction
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The paradox of fiction asks why do we experience strong emotions when, for example, we are watching Hamlet on stage while at the same time knowing that it is not really Hamlet but merely an actor.

The paradox of fiction is a philosophical problem about how people can experience strong emotions from purely fictional things, such as art, literature and imagination. The paradox draws attention to an everyday issue of how people are moved by things, which, in many ways, do not really exist. Although, the ontology of fictional things in general has been discussed in philosophy since Plato, although it was first suggested by Colin Radford and Michael Weston in 1975. After Radford & Weston's original paper they and others have continued the discussion giving the problem both slightly differing formulations as well as different solutions. The basic paradox, which is largely accepted by all is:

1              Most people have emotional responses to characters, objects, events etc., which they know to be fictitious.
2              On the other hand, in order for us to be emotionally moved, we must believe that these characters, objects, or events, truly exist.
3              But no person who takes characters or events to be fictional at the same time believes that they are real.
The paradox is that all three premises cannot seem to be true at the same time. If points 1 and 2 are taken to be true, it would seem that either point 3 must be false, or we have reached a contradiction. On the other hand, if we assume points 1 and 3 to be true, then 2 must be false. Or if we assume that 2 and 3 are true, we need to reject point 1.

Proposed solutions

The various proposed solutions to the paradox can be divided into three basic groups:

                The pretend or the simulation theories, proposed for example by Kendall Walton.
                 
The pretend theories deny premise 1 and argue that with fiction we do not experience real emotions but rather something less intense. For example, when watching a horror movie where the monster makes an attack towards the viewer (towards the camera), the viewer can be startled but does not truly fear for his or her life.

                The thought theories, for example from Peter Lamarque, Noel Carroll, and Robert J. Yanal.
                 
The thought theories deny premise 2 and claim that we can have genuine emotions from things even if we do not believe them to exist.
                The illusion or realist theories, for example from Alan Paskow.
                 
The illusion theories deny premise 3 and claim that, in a way, the fictional characters are real. They suggest that Samuel Taylor Coleridge was right saying that fiction involves a "willing suspension of disbelief", i.e. believing in the fiction while engaging with it.

Selected and edited from Wikipedia – Paradox of Fiction

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         1559 hours. I am with the illusion theories on this one – “in a way, the fictional characters are real” – no question about it; in my books the characters are real as I write about them; where would be the authenticity if this were not so. – rho

         Earlier you had lunch at Potbelly’s on Mason-Montgomery Road then came home and you both raked and bagged the leaves in the front yard. Afterwards, you came upstairs for a nap and Jadah settled in on your chest; Carol came up, wrapped herself in an extra blanket and read the Consumer’s Report that arrived today. – Amorella

         1612 hours. It is a dreary, foggy and cold day; we have the heating/ ‘massaging’ blanket out on one of the twin beds in Kim’s old room to use when needed. We have each used it already. Earlier this morning thick fog stretched across the Ohio River bottomland all the way up to Mason – reminds me of the first scene in Macbeth.

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Macbeth
ACT 1
Scene 1
Thunder and Lightning. Enter three Witches.

FIRST WITCH

When shall we three meet again?
In thunder, lightning, or in rain?

SECOND WITCH

When the hurly-burly’s done,
When the battle’s lost and won.

THIRD WITCH

That will be ere the set of sun.

FIRST WITCH

Where the place?

SECOND WITCH
 Upon the heath.

THIRD WITCH

There to meet with Macbeth.

FIRST WITCH
 I come, Graymalkin.

SECOND WITCH
 Paddock calls.

THIRD WITCH
 Anon.        

ALL

Fair is foul, and foul is fair;
Hover through the fog and filthy air.
They exit.

Selected from the Digital Folger Shakespeare Library

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         1645 hours. On such a setting as today in southwest Ohio I envision the deathly crew into our modern political setting – imagination not needed. Conjuring not needed either. We all live in alternate worlds of the mindanheart that infect each soul that ‘knows’ of the other. We have created light but much of it is artificial and many a mind has not taken sufficient time to know who she or he really is, to then stand up and say, “I exist as I am in life or death, it makes no difference.” (I am thus seen being caught up in the drama of the moment in my mind – it is real enough even in digital text.)

         You, on your private stage, leak out, boy, and you don’t even mind the humor of it. – Amorella

         1700 hours. The recognition of one’s silliness in one’s heart is twinned in the body and the spirit, Amorella. We are built to be giddy, and can be so even while standing beneath the hanging tree.

         Your mood is set by the atmosphere in which reality grows. In the literary moment you cannot know if you are as Ahab or the whale. Imagination swallows you up and makes you whole. – Post, and tonight sleep well. - Amorella

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