Mid-morning(ish). You are back from the
community center and thirty minutes of physical therapy. Carol has already done
two loads of wash and changed the hour times on the stove and microwave which
you didn't think about changing on Sunday and Monday. - Amorella
1045 hours. I thought she would do it because she usually does. We have
to use the manual directions on both pieces of machinery. This reminds me that
I have to go over the changes on the iPhone, iPad and the watch. -- Jadah wants
me to go upstairs with her. . ..
Early afternoon. Yesterday's
posting concluded with a better designed question: We are a mixture of what matter once was and is. do we [humans] hold
any consciousness of previous material states of being? - Amorella
Mid-afternoon. You drove to the city
building and voted, Carol was number 100 for your precinct and you were 101;
Smashburgers for lunch then home where you helped clear the leaves off the back
decks. - Amorella
1531 hours. Thinking on "previous material states of being" I
should preface that with "mental states" which are not material
(physical).
In your original question yesterday you were
inferring back to any states before the Big Bang. You were thinking about star
dust and the like but not subatomic or quantum physics. Star dust is a material
state. - Amorella
** **
Cosmic
dust
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cosmic dust, also called extraterrestrial dust or
space dust, is dust which exists in outer space, as well as all over
planet Earth. Most cosmic dust particles are between a few molecules to
0.1 µm in size. A smaller fraction of all dust in space consists of
larger refractory minerals that condensed as matter left the stars. It is
called "stardust" and is included in a separate section below. The
dust density falling to Earth is approximately 10−6/m3
with each grain having a mass between 10−16kg (0.1 pg) and 10−4
kg (100 mg).
Cosmic dust can be further distinguished by its astronomical
location: intergalactic dust, interstellar dust, interplanetary dust (such as
in the zodiacal cloud) and circumplanetary dust (such as in a planetary ring).
In the Solar System, interplanetary dust causes the zodiacal light. Sources of
Solar System dust include comet dust, asteroidal dust, dust from the Kuiper
belt, and interstellar dust passing through the Solar System. The terminology
has no specific application for describing materials found on the planet Earth
except for dust that has demonstrably fallen to Earth. By one estimate, as much
as 40,000 tons of cosmic dust reaches the Earth's surface every year. In
October 2011, scientists reported that cosmic dust contains complex organic
matter (amorphous organic solids with a mixed aromatic-aliphatic structure)
that could be created naturally, and rapidly, by stars.
In August 2014, scientists announced the collection of possible
interstellar dust particles from the Stardust spacecraft since returning to
Earth in 2006. In March 2017, scientists reported that extraterrestrial dust
particles have been identified all over planet Earth. According to one of the
researchers, “Once I knew what to look for, I found them everywhere.”
Study and
importance
Cosmic dust was once solely an annoyance to astronomers, as it
obscures objects they wish to observe. When infrared astronomy began, the dust
particles were observed to be significant and vital components of astrophysical
processes. Their analysis can reveal information about phenomena like the
formation of the Solar System. For example, cosmic dust can drive the mass loss
when a star is nearing the end of its life, , play a part in the early stages
of star formation, and form planets. In the Solar System, dust plays a major
role in the zodiacal light, Saturn's B-Ring spokes, the outer diffuse planetary
rings at Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and comets.
Zodiacal
light caused by cosmic dust.
The study of dust is a largely researched topic that brings
together different scientific fields: physics (solid state, electromagnetic theory, surface physics,
statistical physics. thermal physics), fractal mathematics, chemistry (chemical
reactions on grain surfaces), meteoritics, as well as every branch of astronomy
and astrophysics. These disparate research areas can be linked by the following
theme: the cosmic dust particles evolve cyclically; chemically, physically and
dynamically. The evolution of dust traces out paths in which the Universe
recycles material, in processes analogous to the daily recycling steps with
which many people are familiar: production, storage, processing, collection,
consumption, and discarding.
Observations and measurements of cosmic dust in different
regions provide an important insight into the Universe's recycling processes;
in the clouds of the diffuse interstellar medium, in molecular clouds, in the
circumstellar dust of young stellar objects and in planetary systems such as
the Solar System, where astronomers consider dust as in its most recycled
state. The astronomers accumulate observational ‘snapshots’ of dust at
different stages of its life and, over time, form a more complete movie of the
Universe's complicated recycling steps.
Parameters such as the particle's initial motion, material
properties, intervening plasma and magnetic field determined the dust
particle's arrival at the dust detector. Slightly changing any of these
parameters can give significantly different dust dynamical behavior. Therefore,
one can learn about where that object came from, and what is (in) the
intervening medium.
Stardust
Main article: Presolar
grains
Stardust
grains (also called presolar grains by
meteoriticists) are contained within meteorites, from which they are extracted
in terrestrial laboratories. Stardust was a component of the dust in the
interstellar medium before its incorporation into meteorites. The meteorites
have stored those stardust grains ever since the meteorites first assembled
within the planetary accretion disk more
than four billion years ago. So-called carbonaceous chondrites are especially
fertile reservoirs of stardust. Each stardust grain existed before the Earth
was formed. Stardust is a scientific term referring to
refractory dust grains that condensed from cooling ejected gases from
individual presolar stars and incorporated into the cloud from which the Solar
System condensed.
Many
different types of stardust have been identified by laboratory measurements of
the highly unusual isotopic composition of the chemical elements that comprise
each stardust grain. These refractory mineral grains may earlier have been
coated with volatile compounds, but those are lost in the dissolving of
meteorite matter in acids, leaving only insoluble refractory minerals. Finding
the grain cores without dissolving most of the meteorite has been possible, but
difficult and labor-intensive.
Many
new aspects of nucleosynthesis have
been discovered from the isotopic ratios within the stardust grains. An important property of stardust is
the hard, refractory, high-temperature nature of the grains. Prominent are
silicon carbide, graphite, aluminium oxide, aluminium spinel, and other such solids that would condense
at high temperature from a cooling gas, such as in stellar winds or in the
decompression of the inside of a supernova. They differ greatly from the solids
formed at low temperature within the interstellar medium.
Also
important are their extreme isotopic compositions, which are expected to exist
nowhere in the interstellar medium. This also suggests that the stardust condensed
from the gases of individual stars before the isotopes could be diluted by mixing with the
interstellar medium. These allow the source stars to be identified. For
example, the heavy elements within the silicon carbide (SiC) grains are almost
pure S-process isotopes, fitting their condensation within AGB star red- giant
winds inasmuch as the AGB stars are the main source of S-process
nucleosynthesis and have atmospheres observed by astronomers to be highly
enriched in dredged-up s process elements.
Another
dramatic example is given by the so-called supernova condensates, usually
shortened by acronym to SUNOCON (from SUperNOva CONdensate) to distinguish them
from other stardust condensed within stellar atmospheres. SUNOCONs contain in
their calcium an excessively large abundance of 44Ca, demonstrating that
they condensed containing abundant radioactive 44Ti, which has a 65-year
half-life. The outflowing 44Ti nuclei were thus still
"alive" (radioactive) when the SUNOCON condensed near one year within
the expanding supernova interior, but would have become an extinct radionuclide
(specifically 44Ca)
after the time required for mixing with the interstellar gas.
Its discovery proved the prediction from 1975
that it might be possible to identify SUNOCONs in this way. The SiC SUNOCONs
(from supernovae) are only about 1% as numerous as are SiC stardust from AGB
stars.
Stardust
itself (SUNOCONs and AGB grains that come from specific stars) is but a modest
fraction of the condensed cosmic dust, forming less than 0.1% of the mass of
total interstellar solids. The high interest in stardust derives from new
information that it has brought to the sciences of stellar evolution and
nucleosynthesis.
Laboratories
have studied solids that existed before the Earth existed. This was once
thought impossible, especially in the 1970s when cosmo-chemists were confident
that the Solar System began as a hot gas virtually
devoid of any remaining solids, which would have been vaporized by high
temperature. The existence of stardust proved this historic picture incorrect.
From the
solar nebula to Earth
The arrows in the adjacent diagram show one possible path from a
collected interplanetary dust particle back to the early stages of the solar
nebula.
We can follow the trail to the right in the diagram to the IDPs
that contain the most volatile and primitive elements. The trail takes us first
from interplanetary dust particles to chondritic interplanetary dust particles.
Planetary scientists classify chondritic IDPs in terms of their
diminishing degree of oxidation so that they fall into three major groups: the
carbonaneous, the ordinary, and the enstatite chondrites. As the name implies,
the carbonaceous chondrites are rich in carbon, and many have anomalies in the
isotopic abundances of H, C, N, and O (Jessberger, 2000).
From the carbonaceous chondrites, we follow the trail to the
most primitive materials. They are almost completely oxidized and contain the
lowest condensation temperature elements ("volatile" elements) and
the largest amount of organic compounds.
Therefore, dust particles with these elements are thought to be
formed in the early life of the Solar System. The volatile elements have never
seen temperatures above about 500 K, therefore, the IDP grain
"matrix" consists of some very primitive Solar System material. Such
a scenario is true in the case of comet dust. The provenance of the small
fraction that is stardust (see above) is quite different; these refractory
interstellar minerals thermally condense within stars, become a small component
of interstellar matter, and therefore remain in the presolar planetary disk.
Nuclear damage tracks are caused by the ion flux from solar
flares. Solar wind ions impacting on the particle's surface produce amorphous
radiation damaged rims on the particle's surface. And spallogenic nuclei are
produced by galactic and solar cosmic rays. A dust particle that originates in
the Kuiper Belt at 40 AU would have many more times the density of tracks,
thicker amorphous rims and higher integrated doses than a dust particle
originating in the main-asteroid belt.
Based on 2012 computer model studies, the complex organic
molecules necessary for life may have formed in the protoplanetary disk of dust
grains surrounding the Sun before the formation of the Earth. According to the
computer studies, this same process may also occur around other stars that
acquire planets.
In September 2012, NASA scientists reported that polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), subjected to interstellar medium (ISM)
conditions, are transformed, through hydrogenation, oxygenation and hydroxylation,
to more complex organics - "a step along the path toward amino acids and
nucleotides, the raw materials of proteins and DNA, respectively". Further,
as a result of these transformations, the PAHs lose their spectroscopic
signature which could be one of the reasons "for the lack of PAH detection
in interstellar ice grains, particularly the outer regions of cold, dense
clouds or the upper molecular layers of protoplanetary disks.
In February 2014, NASA announced a greatly upgraded database for
detecting and monitoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the
universe. According to NASA scientists, over 20% of the carbon in the Universe
may be associated with PAHs, possible starting materials for the formation of
life. PAHs seem to have been formed shortly after the Big Bang, are abundant in
the Universe, and are associated with new stars and exoplanets.
In March 2015, NASA scientists reported that, for the first
time, complex DNA and RNA organic compounds of life, including uracil, cytosine
and thymine, have been formed in the laboratory under outer space conditions,
using starting chemicals, such as pyrimidine, found in meteorites. Pyrimidine,
like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the most carbon-rich chemical
found in the Universe, may have been formed in red giants or in interstellar
dust and gas clouds, according to the scientists.
Selected and edited from Wikipedia
** **
From your perspective two paragraphs are of
base importance in terms of another question: does consciousness begin with 'polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons [Pyrimidine] as they may be the starting materials for
the formation of life'? (underlined below) - Amorella
** **
In September 2012, NASA scientists reported that polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), subjected to interstellar medium (ISM)
conditions, are transformed, through hydrogenation, oxygenation and hydroxylation,
to more complex organics - "a step along the path toward amino acids and
nucleotides, the raw materials of proteins and DNA, respectively".
In February 2014, NASA announced a greatly upgraded database for
detecting and monitoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the
universe. According to NASA scientists, over 20% of the carbon in the
Universe may be associated with PAHs, possible starting materials for the
formation of life. PAHs seem to have been formed shortly after the Big
Bang, are abundant in the Universe, and are associated with new stars and
exoplanets.
In March 2015, NASA scientists reported that, for the first
time, complex DNA and RNA organic compounds of life, including uracil, cytosine
and thymine, have been formed in the laboratory under outer space conditions,
using starting chemicals, such as pyrimidine, found in meteorites. Pyrimidine,
like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the most carbon-rich chemical
found in the Universe, may have been formed in red giants or in interstellar
dust and gas clouds, according to the scientists.
** **
1705 hours. If pyrimidines are within our 'base' amino acids and
nucleotides, the raw materials of proteins and DNA then our unconsciousness may
have an understanding of this. That is, if unconsciousness/consciousness
understands the whole of self-being. That's my thinking.
Post. - Amorella
2000
hours. Now I want to focus on what we know about plant consciousness before
going further.
Are you developing a theory? - Amorella
2002 hours. I don't know. First, I need a definition.
** **
theory noun - a supposition or a
system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general
principles independent of the thing to be
explained: Darwin's theory of
evolution.
• a set of principles on
which the practice of an activity is based: a theory of education | music theory.
• an idea used to account
for a situation or justify a course of action: my theory would be that
the place has been seriously mismanaged.
• Mathematics a collection of
propositions to illustrate the principles of a subject.
ORIGIN late 16th century (denoting a mental scheme of
something to be done): via late Latin from Greek theōria ‘contemplation,
speculation,’ from theōros ‘spectator.’
Selected and edited from the onboard Oxford/American
software
** **
2009
hours. Based on the above definition I am thinking on 'a supposition of ideas
intended to focus on rudiments of consciousness (self-identity) in living
matter'.
You have had nearly a two hour break and
already you are feeling inadequate to do anything but simple research following
your sense of intuition along the way. Another parallel but perhaps connected theoretical
question: 'Is consciousness engrained in the human spirit, in the whole of the
heartansoulanmind, not just in the biochemical aspects of brain, body and mind'?
Do you agree with this assessment? - Amorella
2200 hours. This is interesting, Amorella. I am reminded of/from the
literary threads of Emerson's essay, "The Over-Soul". The underlining
below is for my personal emphasis.
** **
The Over-Soul
From
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"The Over-Soul"
is an acclaimed essay by Ralph Waldo Emerson, first published in 1841. With the
human soul as its overriding subject, several general themes are treated: (1)
the existence and nature of the human soul; (2) the relationship between the
soul and the personal ego; (3) the relationship of one human soul to another;
and (4) the relationship of the human soul to God. Influence of Eastern
religions, including Vedantism,
is plainly evident, but the essay also develops ideas long present in the
Western tradition, e.g., in the works of Plato, Plutarch, and Neoplatonists
like Plotinus and Proclus – all
of whose writings Emerson read extensively throughout his career– and Emanuel
Swedenborg.
The essay attempts no systematic
doctrine, but rather serves as a work of art, something like poetry. Its virtue
is in personal insights of the author and the lofty manner of their
presentation. Emerson wishes to exhort and direct the reader to an awakening of
similar thoughts or sentiments.
With respect to the four themes
listed above, the essay presents the following views: (1) the human soul is immortal,
and immensely vast and beautiful; (2) our conscious ego is slight and limited
in comparison to the soul, despite the fact that we habitually mistake our ego
for our true self; (3) at some level, the souls of all people are connected,
though the precise manner and degree of this connection is not spelled out;
and (4) the essay does not seem to explicitly contradict the traditional
Western idea that the soul is created by and has an existence (?) that is
similar to God, or rather God exists within us.
The Over-Soul is now considered one of Emerson's greatest writings.
Selected and edited from Wikipedia
** **
Enough for tonight, young man. Deep within
is a need to validate poetry into science. Poetry is not science, though
sometimes poetry can be discovered in science just as the soul can be
discovered in heartanmind. - Post. - Amorella
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