Afternoon. Susie G. is taking photos of the
interior and exterior of your house. You had a leisurely lunch at Penn Station
and are now sitting at Pine Hill Lakes facing east. Carol is on Chapter 106, p.
299 of Patterson's The Postcard Killers. You are reading over "The
Different Branches of Philosophy", thirteen different fields according to
Austin Cline. This was updated February 19, 2018. Austin Cline is a writer,
designer, photographer, skeptic and humanist. - Amorella
****
Humanities › Religion &
Spirituality
The Different Branches of Philosophy
There are thirteen
different fields of philosophical inquiry
Austin Cline
Updated February 19, 2018
This doesn't mean that each branch of philosophy is entirely autonomous -- there is often much overlap between some fields, in fact. For example, political and legal philosophy often cross with ethics and morality, while metaphysical questions are common topics in the philosophy of religion. Sometimes even deciding which branch of philosophy a question properly belongs to isn't very clear.
Aesthetics
This is the
study of beauty and taste, whether in the form of the comic, the tragic, or the
sublime. The word comes from the Greek aisthetikos, "of sense
perception." Aesthetics has traditionally
been part of other philosophical fields like epistemology or ethics but it started
to come into its own and become a more independent field under Immanuel Kant.
Epistemology
Epistemology
is the study of the grounds and nature of knowledge itself. Epistemological
studies usually focus on our means for acquiring knowledge; thus modern epistemology generally
involves a debate between rationalism and empiricism, or the question of
whether knowledge can be acquired a priori or a posteriori.
Ethics
Ethics is the
formal study of moral standards and conduct and is also often called "moral philosophy." What is good?
What is evil? How should I behave -- and why? How should I balance my needs
against the needs of others? These are some of the questions asked in the field
of ethics.
Logic
and the Philosophy of Language
These two
fields are often treated separately, but they are close enough that they are
presented together here.
Logic is the study of
methods of reasoning and argumentation, both proper and improper. The
philosophy of Language involves the study of how our language interacts with
our thinking.
Metaphysics
In Western
philosophy, this field has become the study of the fundamental nature of all
reality - what is it, why is it, and how are we to understand it. Some only
regard metaphysics as the study of
"higher" reality or the "invisible" nature behind
everything, but that isn't actually true. It is, instead, the study of all of
reality, visible and invisible.
Philosophy of Education
This field
deals with how children should be educated, what they should be educated in,
and what the ultimate purpose of education should be for society. This is an
often neglected field of philosophy and is often addressed only be in
educational programs designed to train teachers -- in that context, it is a
part of pedagogy, which is learning how to teach.
Philosophy of History
The Philosophy
of History is a relatively minor branch in the field of philosophy, focusing on
the study of history, writing about history, how history progresses, and what
impact history has upon the present day. This is can be referred to as the
Critical, Analytical, or Formal Philosophy of History, as well as the
Philosophy of Historiography.
Philosophy of Mind
The relatively
recent specialty known as Philosophy of Mind deals with the
consciousness and how it interacts with the body and the outside world. It asks
not only what mental phenomena are and what gives rise to them, but also what
relationship they have to the larger physical body and the world around us.
Philosophy of Religion
Sometimes
confused with theology, the Philosophy of
Religion is the philosophical study of religious beliefs, religious doctrines,
religious arguments and religious history. The line between theology and the
philosophy of religion isn't always sharp because they share so much in common,
but the primary difference is that theology tends to be apologetical in nature,
committed to the defense of particular religious positions, whereas Philosophy
of Religion is committed to the investigation of religion itself rather than
the truth of any particular religion.
Philosophy of Science
This is
concerned with how science operates, what the goals of
science should be, what relationship science should have with society, the
differences between science and other activities, etc. Everything that happens
in science has some relationship with the Philosophy of Science and is
predicated upon some philosophical position, even though that may be rarely
evident.
Political and Legal Philosophy
These two
fields are often studied separately, but they are presented here jointly
because they both come back to the same thing: the study of force. Politics is
the study of political force in the general community while jurisprudence is
the study of how laws can and should be used to achieve political and social
goals.
Selected
and edited from - www.thoughtco.com/austin-cline
** **
1428 hours. I like that Austin Cline is a skeptic and is interested in
the Humanities, Religion and Spirituality. He appears a sincere agnostic at first glance.
You assume he displays some personal
interest and objectivity in his work. Carol dropped off in a quick nap. Susie
texted that she is done with her photography and that the house looks great.
Later dude, Amorella
You are waiting for Carol at
Kroger's on Mason-Montgomery Road after a stop at Graeter's. You ran out of
milk, a rarity. - Amorella
1521 hours. It was one percent, usually Carol's gets two percent when
the boys are coming to town. We have skim. The others taste too creamy, too
rich for our morning milk tastes. I mentioned philosophy and Carol doesn't know
what her father's PhD at Ohio State focused on. Dad never talked about it. One
of my former students, Leanne M. is getting her PhD is business. I didn't know
there was such a degree. More power to her. Her dad had his in chemistry I
believe; they were our neighbors for years. I have always been envious of those
that have one, but I don't really know why. I might have got one at Bowling
Green where I picked up my Masters but the job offer to teach at Escola
Graduada de Sao Paulo was not something to lightly turn down. I picture myself
as a pseudo-scholar at best. The reason I am interested in the list of branches
of philosophy is to see which ones I am really interested in -- just curious.
I can tell the top three and in which order
boy, to save you the trouble. - Amorella
1533 hours. I should be more skeptical of you, my friend, but I am not. You
have been kind to me over the decades. I probably trust you more than I do
myself.
You do not. - Amorella
1536 hours. How can I be sure?
It's
plain to see if you read the blog from beginning to present. You do trust
yourself more than you did thirty or forty years ago. Then you trusted me more
because you didn't feel you had any choice. Here's Carol. - Amorella
1738
hours. I am ready for a nap.
Evening. Recopy the types of philosophy
above and let's go through them picking out your interests from each and
barebone each in that manner and see what happens. - Amorella
2208 hours. Sounds good. I am curious. The better, the more specific you
know who you are at any given time is certainly a learning situation. I'm all
for it.
These are the five pieces of philosophy that
most passionately move your heartansoulanmind at any given time. - Amorella
** **
1. Epistemology
or ethics as it fits within the philosophy of Immanuel Kant.2. Morals. How should I behave -- and why? How should I balance my needs against the needs of others?
3. Methods of reasoning and argumentation, both proper and improper.
4. Metaphysics. The study of the fundamental nature of all reality - what is it, why is it, and how are we to understand it.
5. Consciousness.
What are mental phenomena and what gives them rise and what relationship do they have to the larger physical body and the world around us.
** **
2253 hours. The above are the most
important aspects of philosophy in my heartansoulanmind.
Now,
which of the five is most important to your heart, to your soul and to your
mind? - Amorella
2256 hours. I did not expect this
question.
A. To the Heart - 2. Morals (2302)
B. To the Soul - 5. Consciousness (2301)
C. To the Mind - 3. Logic (2300)
2303
hours. This is my conclusion: number one, ethics fits within the
framework of number two, morals and number four, metaphysics fits
within the framework of number five, consciousness. Therefore, I
have three basic aspects of philosophy that are most important to me. (2307)
So, what did you learn from this little
exercise, boy? - Amorella
2310 hours. I learned that unknown to my consciousness my
heartansoulanmind had already worked out what aspect of philosophy was more important to each, and together had satisfactorily had come to a compromise
that each piece of metaphysics could agree with. (2313)
Would you say the art of compromise is
inertly understood? - Amorella
2315 hours. If it is so, then this is true of all human beings, the ability
to compromise is within heartansoulanmind, within the individual human spirit,
an innocent place within all of us. (2319)
Do you accept this concept wholeheartedly? -
Amorella
2319 hours. No, I do not. I do not feel human beings are capable of
innocence.
2334 hours. Yes, I do. Wholehearted I do not feel human beings are capable of innocence. My mind has trouble reasoning this is even possible. My soul though suggests it has a plausibility. Perhaps because we have a soul it is possible, or at least possible to hope it is plausible. (2339)
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